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Solid fuel is still one of the most popular types of fuel used for heating in Latvia. Wood pellets are becoming increasingly popular in this respect, since pellet-fuelled heating boilers offer full automation of the heating process. Furthermore, pellets offer a range of advantages that improve their competitiveness among other solid fuels.

Wood pellets are an environmentally friendly fuel that is manufactured from a renewable energy resource - wood. It is a clean source of heat generation, because burning of wood pellets in the heating boiler releases the amount of CO2 that is equivalent to the amount sequestrated by the biomass of the tree, while it was growing. Wood pellets are an absolutely clean, natural product that does not contain hazardous additives.

Fuel pellets offer the following advantages:

• Efficiency of heating - the calorific value of wood pellets is approximately 1.7 times higher than that of, for instance, firewood.
• Natural product - pellets are a natural product, the production of which does not require the use of additives like glues or combustion stimulating substances.
• Ecology - no additional CO2 is released into the environment, while burning pellets, since they are made of renewable energy resources.
• Low ash content - using wood pellets as fuel results in almost the complete burning thereof, only a small amount of ash remains.
• Convenience - the pellets are packaged in bags of constant weight (15 kg), therefore, they are easy to transport.
• Simple storage - the pellets that are packaged into bags can be stored conveniently, they do not rot or otherwise decay. Pellet packages occupy considerately less space than firewood.

How are wood pellets manufactured?

Heating pellets are made of sawdust and wood shavings that have been obtained by different methods of wood processing. It must be added that not all waste of wood processing is suitable for the production of pellets. The highest quality fuel pellets with the highest heat output and lowest ash content are produced from sawdust generated by processing peeled timber. First, the sawdust is ground finely, then dried to remove the residual moisture. When the mass has been completely dried, it is ground and compressed to receive the final pellet shape. All received pellets are equal in terms of size and shape. Then they are hermetically sealed in bags to deliver to the customers.

Visual signs of high quality pellets:

Same size and shape - it is “ visually” seen that all fuel pellets are similar, which can be verified by measuring their length.

Pleasantly smooth surface - the surface is smooth to touch, looks like “ varnished”, without cracks;

Light, golden tone of colour - wood pellets of darker size may contain non-combustible impurities, for instance, sand, as well as they could have been made of moist wood shavings;

Hardness - when holding with your fingers, the wood pellets are solid and dense, difficult to break. When compressed with your hands, high-quality pellets do not crush;

Pleasant timber aroma - high-quality fuel pellets smell of natural wood.

The most significant parameters of fuel pellets:

• Ash content - less than 0.7%
• Moisture - less than 10%
• Calorific value - 3,900 to 4,800 kcal/kg
• Density - 600 to 700 kg/m³

It must be certified!

When buying woodchip pellets, pay attention to whether the pellets have any of the following certificates: ENplus-A1®, ENplus-A2®, FSC®  or DINplus. Uncertified fuel pellets are usually produced from unpeeled timber, therefore pellets contain impurities: bark, sand, as well as different binding agents are used to improve the degree of pellet density. Due to impurities, such pellets generate more ash, which has a lower melting temperature and, consequently, it is transformed into slag and pollutes the boiler of the heating system. Furthermore, the calorific value of uncertified pellets is lower, they will burn faster, while failing to provide the premises with the required amount of heat.